Over 3 trillion trees occupy the Earth’s land surface, mostly in tropical and subtropical forests. These trees provide vital ecosystem services, such as climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and habitat and food provision. Trees are also deeply interconnected with humans, offering social and cultural values. The interdependence between trees and humans underlines the urgency to understand and protect trees in both natural and urban ecosystems amid climate change and other environmental pressures, including deforestation, land degradation, and pollution. This virtual issue examines five critical themes of trees and forests and their societal impact. Each theme provides insights into cultural significance, ecosystem contributions, resilience and restoration, and technological innovations in conservation.

• Published: 16 December 2024

Editors:

Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez